1.2.1 explain the principles of soil and water conservation.
Principles of soil and water conservation.
Conserving soil moisture
Maintaining soil fertility
describe activities to conserve soil water and maintain soil fertility e.g.; irrigation, mulching, addition of organic matter and crop rotation
relate soil fertility to soil productivity.
1. Explain the concept of soil conservation.
2. Outline five activities that farmers can undertake to enhance soil productivity.
2. Outline five activities that farmers can undertake to enhance soil productivity.
1.2.2 distinguish between macro and micro nutrients.
Classification of soil nutrients into:
Macro (major) nutrients: Nitrogen (N), potassium (K), phosphorus (P), calcium (Ca), magnesium (Mg), sulphur (S).
Micro (minor) nutrients: boron (B), molybdenum (Mo), manganese (Mn), chlorine (Cl), zinc (Zn), copper (Cu) and iron (Fe).
group soil nutrients into macro (major) nutrients and micro (minor) nutrients.
discuss sources of nutrients, e.g. nitrogen from nitrogenous fertilizers such as urea and organic manure.
1.2.3 state the functions of some soil nutrients and their deficiency symptoms.
Functions and deficiency symptoms of N, P, K, Mn, Fe.
dentify and discuss plants having nutrient deficiency symptoms.
NOTE: Students to refer to Nitrogen Cycle in SHS and the Carbon Cycle in JHS syllabuses and relate them to the maintenance of soil fertility.
Describe the deficiency symptoms of the following nutrients in plants: nitrogen, potassium and phosphorus.
1.2.4 describe methods of maintaining soil fertility.
Maintenance of soil fertility: application of organic and inorganic manure/ fertilizers, crop rotation, cover cropping, liming, green manuring.
demonstrate ways of improving soil fertility.
demonstrate ways of preparing compost.
1.2.5 outline factors which lead to the depletion of soil nutrients.
Factors which lead to the depletion of soil nutrients:
1. Erosion
2. Overgrazing
3. Poor farming and tillage methods,
4. Dumping of non- biodegradable waste on land
5. Improper irrigation and drainage practices.
6. Surface mining and quarrying.
7. Deforestation.
8. Excessive use of fertilizer.
1. Erosion
2. Overgrazing
3. Poor farming and tillage methods,
4. Dumping of non- biodegradable waste on land
5. Improper irrigation and drainage practices.
6. Surface mining and quarrying.
7. Deforestation.
8. Excessive use of fertilizer.
discuss how the factors listed under content lead to the depletion of soil nutrients.
NOTE:
Detailed discussion of erosion is not required.
Detailed discussion of erosion is not required.
PROJECT
Design a model of a farm to illustrate the harvesting of runoff water for irrigation.
Design a model of a farm to illustrate the harvesting of runoff water for irrigation.
Outline the various processes involved in compost preparation.
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