SHS-2 Syllabus – Reproductive system & growth in mammals

3.2.1 identify the reproductive organs of a mammal and their functions.

Structure and function of the mammalian reproductive system.

Annotate a diagram of a dissected small male and female mammal (e.g. guinea pig, rabbit); showing the reproductive systems.

Identify a diagram of the organs of the male and female reproductive systems of humans on a chart.

3.2.2 state the advantages and disadvantages of male and female circumcision.

Discuss the advantages and disadvantages of circumcision.

NOTE:
Pay particular attention to the dangers of female circumcision.

3.2.3 outline the processes
leading to fertilization, zygote development and birth in humans.

Fertilization, development of the zygote (pregnancy) and birth in humans.

Discuss the process of fertilization, development of zygote (pregnancy) and birth using charts, models and diagrams.

NOTE:
Discussion to include: formation of twins:
1. Identical, fraternal and Siamese.
2. Details of cell division and anatomy of the embryo not required.

Explain the formation of identical, fraternal and Siamese twins.

3.2.4 identify the problems associated with reproduction in humans.

Problems associated with reproduction in humans: Miscarriage, ectopic pregnancy, infertility, impotence, fibroid, disease infections ovarian cyst.

discuss problems associated with reproduction in humans as listed under content. Causes of infertility in both males and females to be discussed as well as illegal abortion.

CASE STUDY:
A childless couple thinks their problem is due to witchcraft. Use scientific method and reasoning to explain the possible causes of the infertility.

State one cause of each of the following: 1. ectopic pregnancy
2. infertility
3. fibroid
4. impotence

3.2.5 mention types of STIs including HIV/AIDS, how they are transmitted and their effects.

Sexually transmitted infections (STIs):
HIV/AIDS, gonorrhea, herpes, Chlamydia, syphilis candidiasis (white/trash).

Mode of transmission
Effects: prolonged sickness, infertility.

Discuss various sexually transmitted diseases and their modes of transmission.

Analyse the effects of STIs including HIV/AIDS on the health and reproduction in humans.

Discuss the effects of HIV/AIDS on the family and the society.

3.2.6 identify the phases of growth and development in humans and the associated changes.

Phases of growth and development in humans.

Discuss the various phases of growth and the physical and behavioural changes associated with each phase of human development.

NOTE:
The changes may include losing milk teeth and development of permanent teeth, increase in mass, height, development of secondary sexual characters, e.g. menstruation in girls (premenstrual syndrome (PMS) in some women- accompanied by violent moods or depression), wet dreams in boys. Changes in old age should include menopause and its associated problems.

invite a psychologist and gynaecologist to talk about changes during adolescence and symptoms associated with menopause.

Discuss the development of secondary sexual characteristics in males and females.

SHS-2 Syllabus - Excretory systems

3.1.1 explain the meaning of excretion.

Excretion in mammals.

Brainstorm to bring out the meaning of excretion.

discuss to bring out the differences between excretion and egestion.

Distinguish between excretion and egestion in humans.

3.1.2 identify organs of the excretory system and their products in mammals.

discuss the main organs of excretory system (lungs, skin, liver and kidneys) and match them against their products

NOTE:
1. Excretory products of liver should include bile pigment, urea and cholesterol.
2. Discussion to include:
i. Structure of the skin and kidneys (Structure of nephron not required)
ii. How the products of excretion (sweat and urine) are eliminated from the body after their formation.
iii. Excretory product of liver should include bile, cholesterol and pigment.

List three excretory organs and their respective products.

3.1.3 mention some disorders of the urinary system in humans and their remedies.

Discuss the disorders of the human urinary system e.g. bed wetting, urine retention, kidney stones and their remedies.

SHS-2 Syllabus – General principles of farm animal production

2.2.1 outline the main activities involved in the production of farm animals.

Main activities involved in farm animal production.

Selection of suitable breeds.

Choice of management system: Breeding systems and care of the young.

Management practices including animal health care and feeding.

Finishing, processing and marketing of produce.

Visit a nearby livestock farm or a commercial livestock enterprise to investigate and report on the following: i. Main activities carried out ii. Management system in use. iii. Breeding/animal improvement procedures iv. Feeding procedures
v. Pest, parasite and disease control vi. Marketing of animal products.

Outline five management practices used on a poultry farm.

2.2.2. describe ruminant production.

Ruminant production: cattle/goats/sheep.

discuss goat/cattle/sheep production under the items listed under SRN 2.2.1:

Types of breeds and their characteristic, management practices,
breeding systems, common pests and diseases, marketing of products etc.

Describe three different
management systems for keeping farm animals.
List one advantage and one disadvantage of each system.

2.2.3 describe non ruminant production.

Production of non-ruminants: poultry/pigs/rabbits.

Explain three management practices that are used to control and prevent diseases and pests in farm animals.